Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) is a rare form of cancer belonging to the Leukaemia group, 2000 adults are diagnosed in the UK per year. AML which is sometimes referred to as acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (AMLL) tends to affect those over 65 years old, but can affect a person of any age.

The bone marrow’s job within the body is to make blood cells, it does this as part of a structured process to allow the cells to mature and work effectively. AML causes this process to loose structure and in this type of cancer the bone marrow creates too many myeloid cells. These cells are then unable to mature into working cells. These abnormal cells can also be called blast cells. The blast cells then occupy the bone marrow causing leukaemia cells to enter the bloodstream and travel around the body. These abnormal cells are unable to work properly and prevent healthy platelets and red blood cells from forming.

Things to look out for

Symptoms include but are not limited to:

• Chronic Fatigue (feeling tired): this may cause shortness of breath.
• Abnormal bleeding: this may occur as bleeding gums, regular nose bleeds, heavy periods (female) or unexplained bruising.
• A rash: you may also notice a rash of small red spots which are flat to the skin, this is called petechiae.
• Aching bones/joints: your bones and joints may ache due to affects of the leukaemia cells.
• Recurring/multiple infections: you may experience recurring or multiple infections this is due to the lack of functioning white blood cells.
• Pale complexion: due to the lack of red blood cells you may develop anaemia which can cause you to look pale.
• Generally run down.
• Fever and experiencing sweats.
• Leukaemia cells may cause your gums to become swollen, they may also cause raised bumps beneath your skin.

These symptoms are common in other medical conditions, however due to the nature of AML it is important to speak to your doctor if you are experiencing any or some these symptoms as treatment will need to begin as soon as possible.

Some occasional cases of AML may not present symptoms and diagnosis is a result of a blood test.